1, 看企業(yè)類型,
如果是服務(wù)型企業(yè),當(dāng)然商業(yè)模式第一;
如果是產(chǎn)品型,當(dāng)然產(chǎn)品第一像阿里這樣的服務(wù)型公司,有了明確的商業(yè)模式,才能開(kāi)發(fā)出配套的技術(shù)支撐;像華為這樣的產(chǎn)品型公司,有了好產(chǎn)品,再加上好的商業(yè)模式,才會(huì)助飛;
2,看供需類型
如果供小于求,什么都不重要,有貨就行;
如果供大于求,那么都要開(kāi)發(fā)增量市場(chǎng)或者走出存量博弈,這時(shí)候需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新。商業(yè)模式和產(chǎn)品本質(zhì)都是創(chuàng)新,只是一個(gè)更像內(nèi)容,一個(gè)更像形式從本質(zhì)上講,客戶買的都是內(nèi)容。營(yíng)銷其實(shí)是放大器;
如果產(chǎn)品本質(zhì)不硬,套路只會(huì)讓人反感。而且產(chǎn)品更像是底層,一般客戶先挑剔產(chǎn)品,就像一個(gè)學(xué)生如果學(xué)習(xí)不好,那么頑皮就是淘氣,學(xué)習(xí)好那就是活潑這是一個(gè)先有雞還是先有蛋的問(wèn)題,都重要。
3,看企業(yè)格局定位
一個(gè)是布局與生態(tài)問(wèn)題(燈塔,指路明燈),一個(gè)是核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力問(wèn)題(建立核心壁壘和護(hù)城河),后期的壁壘一定是生態(tài),但是前期肯定是核心產(chǎn)品。同時(shí)要時(shí)刻跳出“生態(tài)”看問(wèn)題,防止“生態(tài)”變成了墨守成規(guī)。
對(duì)于所有創(chuàng)業(yè)者都要考慮一邊低頭走路(把自己的產(chǎn)品好),同時(shí)也要抬頭看天,以免走錯(cuò)了方向,一切白搭最后來(lái)一句然并卵的話:我們什么都沒(méi)做錯(cuò),只是我們輸給了時(shí)代!扯淡!市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷里面講,客戶有需求,企業(yè)要做到把價(jià)值傳遞給客戶。所以呢,不存在產(chǎn)品重要還是模式重要之爭(zhēng)。因?yàn)槟J绞潜仨毜?。只存在不同的產(chǎn)品,用不同的模式。
好了不墨跡這個(gè)問(wèn)題了,直接本我們的Kanban材料!
Topics主題
Section 1: What is Kanban?什么是看板?
Section 2: Two-card Kanban Systems 2張看板卡系統(tǒng)
Section 3: Kanban Calculation 看板的計(jì)算
Section 4: Managing the Kanban System 管理看板系統(tǒng)
Section 5: Kanban System Implementation 看板系統(tǒng)的實(shí)施
Jargon Buster專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)
Kanban看板
Supermarket超市
Production Instruction Kanban生產(chǎn)指示看板
Withdrawal Kanban取料看板
Supplier供應(yīng)商
Signal Kanban信號(hào)看板
Safety stock安全庫(kù)存
Buffer stock緩沖庫(kù)存
Section 1 Topics 第1章 主題
What is Kanban?什么是看板?
A tool of the pull system拉動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的工具
A signal that authorizes production or movement (withdrawal) of items授權(quán)生產(chǎn)或移動(dòng)物料的信號(hào)
The actual card, container or physical signal itself實(shí)物卡,周轉(zhuǎn)箱或者實(shí)際的信號(hào)
A visual method of controlling workflow, invented in the days before IT一個(gè)目視化的控制生產(chǎn)流的方法,在IT之前發(fā)明
The system that uses kanban這個(gè)系統(tǒng)使用看板
Kanban is a simple and effective method for visually controlling material flow看板是一個(gè)針對(duì)目視化管理物料流的簡(jiǎn)單高效的方法
The kanban system itself is full of waste such as handling, inventory and processing看板體系本身也是充滿了浪費(fèi),例如物料搬運(yùn),庫(kù)存及操作
Kanban is the acknowledgement of the failure to implement one piece flow看板承認(rèn)不能實(shí)現(xiàn)單件流的表現(xiàn)
Definitions is kanban看板的定義
Sets limits設(shè)定限制
Kanban is like currency you cannot buy parts without paying for them!看板就像貨幣你不能在沒(méi)有付錢的情況下買東西
Nothing is made or moved without a kanban在沒(méi)有看板的情況不生產(chǎn)或者移動(dòng)物料
Makes problems visible讓問(wèn)題可視化
Kanban = inventory = waste看板=庫(kù)存=浪費(fèi)
Instruct processes to produce指示工序進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)
Limits overproduction限制過(guò)量生產(chǎn)
Instruct material handlers to move product指示物料員運(yùn)送產(chǎn)品
Withdrawal from upstream by downstream process下工序從上工序取料
Forms of kanban看板的形式
Classic “two card” system (uses production and withdrawal cards)經(jīng)典的“2種卡”系統(tǒng)(使用生產(chǎn)及取料看板)
“One card” system uses one of the following“看板”系統(tǒng)使用以下的方式
Card卡片
Triangular plates三角板
Containers周轉(zhuǎn)箱
Carts推車
Colored balls不用顏色的球
Electronic signal電子信號(hào)
Or anything that conveys only the necessary information.或者其他人能能夠轉(zhuǎn)換必要信息的工具
Forms of Kanban看板的形式
Section 2: Two-card Kanban Systems 2張看板卡系統(tǒng)
Types of kanban 看板的類型
Production instruction kanban 生產(chǎn)指示看板
Signal kanban 信號(hào)看板
Lot making board批量生產(chǎn)板
Withdrawal kanban取料看板
Supplier kanban供應(yīng)商看板
Kanban cycles看板循環(huán)
Types of Kanban看板的類型
Basic Card Design基本的卡片設(shè)計(jì)
The action (make, move, etc.)行動(dòng)(制造,移動(dòng))
Part number物料名稱
Part description物料描述
The supplier (or process) name供應(yīng)商(工序)名稱
Quantity數(shù)量
Container quantity周轉(zhuǎn)箱數(shù)量
The source location物料存儲(chǔ)的地址
The delivery location物料運(yùn)送地址
The timing of the action (kanban cycle)行動(dòng)的時(shí)間(看板循環(huán)時(shí)間)
Etc.等等。
Production Instruction Card Example 生產(chǎn)指示卡案例
Production Instruction Card: In-process生產(chǎn)指示卡:工序內(nèi)
Downstream process uses withdrawal kanban to pull material下游工序使用補(bǔ)料看板卡來(lái)拉動(dòng)物料
Production instruction card is removed生產(chǎn)指示看板卡被觸發(fā)
Team leader collects cards from post and places them on kanban board(or print) as instruction to produce組長(zhǎng)收集看板卡并公布在看板板上用于指示生產(chǎn)且打印
Operator attaches production instruction card material container, removes withdrawal card and places it in post, begins production as instructed by kanban操作員將生產(chǎn)指示卡附在物料周轉(zhuǎn)箱上,拆下補(bǔ)料看板,并開(kāi)始按照看板指示進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)。
Recevie 接收
Kanban in a Batch Process批量生產(chǎn)工序的看板
There are three primary methods for linking kanban to a batch process有3個(gè)初級(jí)的方法將看板與批量生產(chǎn)工序鏈接起來(lái)
Signal kanban at reorder point信號(hào)看板
Pattern production模式生產(chǎn)
Lot making board 批量生產(chǎn)板
Signal kanban 信號(hào)看板
1, Signal card (triangle) places the order信號(hào)卡(3角)下訂單
Material card (rectangle) instructs raw material preparation物料卡(矩形)指示原材料準(zhǔn)備
2,Fixed quantity, variable time only數(shù)量固定,時(shí)間可變
3,Normally used when the set-up time is too long to maintain single piece or small lots通常情況下用于設(shè)立時(shí)間太長(zhǎng)以至于不能保證單件或者小批量
Signal position = reorder point信號(hào)位置=下訂單點(diǎn)
Reorder quantity = production lot size 訂購(gòu)數(shù)量=生產(chǎn)批量大小
Lot size is greater than usage quantity批量大小大于用量數(shù)量
Signal Kanban Example信號(hào)看板案例
Pattern Production模式生產(chǎn)
後充(生)+ロット形成で生する方法
后補(bǔ)充(生產(chǎn))+ 在批量形成的生產(chǎn)方法
(定時(shí)不定量) ?。ǘ坎欢〞r(shí))
?大量品、中量品、工程內(nèi)かんばんで定期不定量(定にれた
物を仕ける番をめて)で生する→後充
高流速零件、中流零件、采用內(nèi)看板的定時(shí)不定量(定時(shí)間就是已預(yù)定的東西根據(jù)制造順序)進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)=》后補(bǔ)充
?少量品は信號(hào)かんばん又は工程內(nèi)かんばんで定量不定期で仕
かる?! ˉ恁氓刃纬?/p>
低流速零件根據(jù)Kanban信號(hào)和廠內(nèi)看板的順利進(jìn)行定量不定時(shí)的制造=》批量形成方式
(例)1直5回程度の段取りが出來(lái)る。
?。?2分/回×5回=60分→1日の稼の10~15%)
Advantages of pattern production模式生產(chǎn)的優(yōu)勢(shì)
Simple method may not require kanban簡(jiǎn)單的方法-也許不需要看板
Predictable changeover sequence可預(yù)見(jiàn)的換模順序
Batch size allows buffer for variability批量大小考慮緩沖及變化性
Disadvantages of pattern production模式生產(chǎn)的劣勢(shì)
Fixed sequence cannot be changed固定不能更改的順序
Hides problems less need to reduce changeover times隱藏了問(wèn)題
減少了換模時(shí)間減少的必要性。
Requires periodic reanalysis of the demand pattern要求預(yù)先對(duì)生產(chǎn)需求的模式進(jìn)行分析
Lot making board批量生產(chǎn)板
Advantages of lot making boards批量生產(chǎn)板的優(yōu)勢(shì)
More frequent information flow back to the producer process (compared to signal kanban)
Visually displays inventory consumption rates
Problems can be seen earlier
Disadvantages of lot making boards批量生產(chǎn)板的劣勢(shì)
Accuracy of board depends on how quickly kanban cards are returned o the board批量板的準(zhǔn)確性基于看板卡能夠多快的返回批量板
Creates a temptation to build ahead (before trigger point is reached) 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)誘惑點(diǎn)在生產(chǎn)前(在觸發(fā)點(diǎn)到達(dá)前)
Withdrawal kanban取料看板
Internal circulates between processes within a site內(nèi)部在工廠內(nèi)部的不同工序間循環(huán)
External circulates between customer and supplier sites外部在客戶及供應(yīng)商之間循環(huán)
Supplier kanban供應(yīng)商看板
Travels between two different companies customer and supplier在2加不同的公司間移動(dòng)客戶與供應(yīng)商
Card contains part-specific information for both companies (part number, location, etc.)卡片包含零件在兩家公司特定的信息(零件編號(hào),地址等)
Each kanban card serves as a commercially binding order based on blanket purchase order specifying various terms 每個(gè)看板卡服務(wù)于一個(gè)基于特定不同時(shí)期的空白訂單
Kanban cycles看板循環(huán)
The meaning of “1-4-2” on example card:案例上“1-4-2”的意思
1 = parts on the card will be delivered within one day of the card being pulled 1= 在卡上將在一天內(nèi)被交付的零件
4 = a supplier’s truck will deliver these parts to the supplier four times per day 供應(yīng)商的卡車將會(huì)將這些零件每天4次交付到供應(yīng)商
2 = this kanban card will return not on the next truck but on the 2nd truck arriving 2=這張看板卡將不會(huì)在下一輛卡車上返回,但是會(huì)在第二輛卡車返回
Communicating Supplier Kanban溝通供應(yīng)商看板
Forecast Kanban預(yù)測(cè)看板
Electronic signal sent out several hours in advance of physical cards based on set schedule from daily or weekly build plan根據(jù)每天及每周的計(jì)劃在實(shí)物卡發(fā)出前的幾個(gè)小時(shí)發(fā)出電子信號(hào)
Used for short lead-time materials, such as when suppliers are on same campus用于生產(chǎn)時(shí)間短的物料,例如當(dāng)供應(yīng)在相同的區(qū)域
Adjustments can be made quickly based on actual usage可以根據(jù)實(shí)際的用量快速的進(jìn)行調(diào)整
Broadcast Kanban廣播看板
Electronic signal sent out several hours in advance of physical cards based on actual usage根據(jù)實(shí)際的使用量在實(shí)物卡發(fā)出前的幾個(gè)小時(shí)發(fā)出電子信號(hào)
Used for longer lead-time materials用于生產(chǎn)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)的物料
Safety stock may or may not be consumed – “planned pull” can become push安全庫(kù)存可能不會(huì)被使用,“計(jì)劃的拉動(dòng)”成為推動(dòng)
Section 3: Kanban Calculation 看板的計(jì)算
Section 4: Managing the Kanban System 管理看板系統(tǒng)
Section 5: Kanban System Implementation 看板系統(tǒng)的實(shí)施
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